Herein. a case study on the impact of assimilating satellite radiance observation data into the rapid-refresh multi-scale analysis and prediction system (RMAPS) is presented. This case study targeted the 48 h period from 19–20 July 2016. which was characterized by the passage of a low pressure system that produced heavy rainfall over North China. https://www.roneverhart.com/2-1-2-x-1-4-x-36-Smooth-Saddle-Threshold-NGP-410-36/